Introduction To Turbo C IDE

Introduction of Turbo C IDE and Programming Environment

THEORY

The Development Environment - Integrated Development Environment (IDE):

The Turbo C compiler has its own built-in text editor. The files you create with text editor are called source files, and for C++ they typically are named with the extension .CPP, .CP, or .C.

The C Developing Environment, also called as Programmer’s Platform, is a screen display with windows and pull-down menus. The program listing, error messages and other information are displayed in separate windows. The menus may be used to invoke all the operations necessary to develop the program, including editing, compiling, linking, and debugging and program execution.

To invoke the IDE from the windows you need to double click the TC icon in the directory c:\tc\bin.

The alternate approach is that we can make a shortcut of tc.exe on the desktop. This makes you enter the IDE interface, which initially displays only a menu bar at the top of the screen and a status line below will appear. The menu bar displays the menu names and the status line tells what various function keys will do.

Default Directory

The default directory of Turbo C compiler is c:\tc\bin.

Using Menus

If the menu bar is inactive, it may be invoked by pressing the [F10] function key. To select different menu, move the highlight left or right with cursor (arrow) keys. You can also revoke the selection by pressing the key combination for the specific menu.

Opening New Window

To type a program, you need to open an Edit Window. For this, open file menu and click “new”. A window will appear on the screen where the program may be typed.

Writing a Program

When the Edit window is active, the program may be typed. Use the certain key combinations to perform specific edit functions.

Saving a Program

To save the program, select save command from the file menu. This function can also be performed by pressing the [F2] button. A dialog box will appear asking for the path and name of the file. Provide an appropriate and unique file name. You can save the program after compiling too but saving it before compilation is more appropriate.

Making an Executable File

The source file is required to be turned into an executable file. This is called “Making” of the .exe file. The steps required to create an executable file are:

1. Create a source file, with a .c extension.

2. Compile the source code into a file with the .obj extension.

3. Link your .obj file with any needed libraries to produce an executable program.

 All the above steps can be done by using Run option from the menu bar or using key

combination Ctrl+F9 (By this linking & compiling is done in one step).

Compiling the Source Code

Although the source code in your file is somewhat cryptic, and anyone who doesn't know C will struggle to understand what it is for, it is still in what we call human-readable form. But, for the computer to understand this source code, it must be converted into machine-readable form. This is done by using a compiler. Hence, compiling is the process in which source code is translated into machine understandable language.

It can be done by selecting Compile option from menu bar or using key combination Alt+F9.

Creating an Executable File with the Linker

After your source code is compiled, an object file is produced. This file is often named with the extension .OBJ. This is still not an executable program, however. To turn this into an executable program, you must run your linker. C programs are typically created by linking together one or more OBJ files with one or more libraries. A library is a collection of linkable files that were supplied with your compiler.

The Development Cycle

If every program worked the first time you tried it that would be the complete development cycle: Write the program, compile the source code, link the program, and run it.

Unfortunately, almost every program, no matter how trivial, can and will have errors, or bugs, in the program. Some bugs will cause the compile to fail, some will cause the link to fail, and some will only show up when you run the program.

Whatever type of bug you find, you must fix it, and that involves editing your source code, recompiling and relinking, and then rerunning the program.

Exiting IDE

An Edit window may be closed in a number of different ways. You can click on the small square in the upper left corner, you can select close from the window menu, or you can press the [Alt][F3] combination. To exit from the IDE, select [Alt][X] Combination.

EXERCISE

Exit from the File Menu or press

1. Type the following program in C Editor and execute it. Mention the Error.

void main(void)

{

printf(“ This is my first program in C ”);

}

Error: Function ‘ printf ’ should have a prototype.

2.Add the following line at the beginning of the above program. Recompile the

program. What is the output?

#include<stdio.h>

Ans:

#include <stdio.h>

void main()

{

     printf (“  This is my first program”);

 }

Output:-

This is my first program in C.

3.   Make the following changes to the program. What Errors are observed?

i. Write Void instead of void .

Ans:

    Error: Declaration syntax error.

ii. write void main (void);

Ans:

     Error :Declaration terminated incorrectly.

iii. Remove the semi colon ‘;’.

Ans:

     Error: Statement missing.

iv. Erase any one of brace ‘{’ or ‘}’.

Ans:

     Error (1): Declaration syntax error

     Error (2): Unexpected }.

Compiling and linking in the IDE

In the Turbo C IDE, compiling and linking can be performed together in one step. There are two ways to do this: you can select Make EXE from the compile menu, or you can press the [F9] key.

Executing a Program

If the program is compiled and linked without errors, the program is executed by selecting Run from the Run Menu or by pressing the [Ctrl+F9] key combination.

Correcting Errors

If the compiler recognizes some error, it will let you know through the Compiler window. You’ll see that the number of errors is not listed as 0, and the word “Error” appears instead of the word “Success” at the bottom of the window. The errors are to be removed by returning to the edit window. Usually these errors are a result of a typing mistake. The compiler will not only tell you what you did wrong; they’ll point you to the exact place in your code where you made the mistake.